ABSTRACT
Demographic transition along with the growth in number there are changes in the population age structure. While the importance of the population growth as a determinant of quality of life is universally understood, the profoundly serious consequences of changing age structure especially if it occurs too rapidly is not understood by many.
Urbanization—has been another key development which, almost certainly, has facilitated the reductions in mortality and fertility that are integral components of the demographic transition. Among other things, urban areas offer economies of scale in terms of providing both health and family planning amenities. It is much harder to raise a large number of children if you live in a town. Also, modern forms of water supply, sewage, and access to education are usually somewhat better in the urban sector.
Thus, India’s future demographic evolution will also have significant implications for the economy, education, and the environment. Economic growth may be enhanced by the demographic bonus. Benefits will arise if there are consequential increases in savings and investment. But such increases cannot be taken for granted.
