ABSTRACT
This chapter explains the different types of cultivation techniques for bioprocesses. The bioreactor operation can be classified as batch, continuous, fed-batch, and modified continuous systems with complete or partial cell-recycle. Cultivation of microbes is a biological process of growing organisms under controlled conditions and defined media for various productions. The cost incurred in any fermentation is a function of raw material and the bioreactor operation itself and is based on the process, location of the plant, labor, and energy costs. The bioreactor can be built to cater to numerous objectives such as mass production of biomass, metabolites, enzymes, recombinant products as well as immobilized enzymes using silica gel and many other supports. Multi-phase reactors are the reactors having a minimum of two distinct phases for carrying out various gas-liquid-solid and gas-liquid-liquid reactions and can be named as heterogeneous reactors. Aeration is done in order to fulfill the oxygen demand of the microbes in submerged culture fermentation.
