ABSTRACT
This chapter provides a theoretical framework that enables the reader to relate the empirical evidence from the case studies to the basic principles of crisis management and the intelligence process. Conventional approaches towards the theories of crisis management and intelligence have focused on each discipline in their one-dimensional perspectives. Intelligence plays a vital role towards obtaining information concerning the adversary's capabilities and intentions. The five principles of crisis management used in the theory provide that structure and are widely recognised by leading academics and experts in the field. There are: the limitation of objectives, limiting the means in pursuit of objectives, the intelligence imperative, contingency planning and capabilities, and communication. Directly related to the principle is the need to acquire and maintain legitimacy for crisis response initiatives. When handling any crisis, intelligence cycle is important to take one's distance and to ask questions before taking action – and to work to maintain the critical distance throughout the episode.
