ABSTRACT
The source, origin, or sender is the individual, group of individuals, organisation, or government agency making the communication attempt. The receiver is the person, group of persons, organisation, or society that the source intends to communicate with. As stated, “effective” communication means that the intended receiver or audience receives and correctly interprets the sender’s message. Examples of internal communications include the following: business reports, company news bulletins, and communications which take place during committee meetings and interviews. The term “internal communication” refers to any and all kinds of messages transmitted and received within a given organisation. Such communication may either be formal or informal. The forms of organisational communications which are designated as “informal communication” are those which take place through channels that are not created or prescribed by management. In more precise terms, the formal internal communications of any given organisation take the following three forms: downward communication, upward communication, and horizontal communication.
