ABSTRACT
Nutraceuticals have become increasingly popular in the United States with one in ten women benefiting from them. They can be classified as dietary fiber, prebiotics, probiotics, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and antioxidants, with most being found in the everyday diet. During pregnancy, women undergo many physiological and hormonal changes that need to be managed by proper nutrition. There is an increase of specific hormones, including progesterone, estrogen, and hCG, that all aid in preparing the mother for birth and developing the fetus. If these hormones are not properly regulated there may be complications that include birth or developmental defects. During pregnancy 14 out of the 21 micronutrients increase their need. When nutrients are properly consumed, they may prevent the complications that arise from a hormone imbalance. Folic acid is shown to aid in the prevention of birth defects with the brain and spinal cord. Vitamins contribute to the development of many structures including membranes and the immune system. Lipid-based nutrient supplements reduce the risk of low birthweight and measurements while also helping prevent anemia. Certain supplements may also reduce the risk of developing a mood disorder including depression and anxiety which may have adverse effects on the fetus.
