ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on more studies that have taken a hybrid approach, complementing quantity with quality to investigate episodic memory phenomena. It shows how each conceptual, methodological, and data-analytical decision should be made with caution, with particular attention being paid to critical theoretical discussions. The chapter provides a brief overview of existing episodic memory paradigms and more detailed accounts of the approaches to memory: accuracy versus quantity and accuracy versus confidence. It discusses the various accounts of memory bias and reviews some studies on emotional memory as an illustrative case. Episodic memories are memories of experienced events that often involve scene reconstruction and are characterized by visual imagery of events and feelings of reliving. The set of paradigms employed in the episodic memory literature focuses on assessments of errors rather than episodes of successful retrieval.
