ABSTRACT

This chapter presents examples of different kinds of clitics to provide some of the factual material. By phonological dependence is meant that clitics are rhythmically dependent on another word which serves as "host" and that they are unstressed. The crucial difference between affixes and clitics, however, is that affixes attach to roots and stems to create words, whereas clitics attach to already formed words. This is reflected in the fact that clitics are extra-inflectional, in the sense that they attach to the rightmost or leftmost side of the word. English exhibits another type of cliticization distinct from verbal clisis and 2P enclisis. The term 'metrical clitics' refers to a set of clitics and clitic-like syllables which form part of the rhythmic structure of songs and rhymes. The relevant fact about constraints is that they have been used as evidence for the claim that clitic sequences are subject to surface structure filtering constraints.