ABSTRACT
Workshop organization, when it originates from the employers’ side, usually takes one or more of three distinct forms. Special representative committees elected by the workers are often established to look after the recreative, social, and welfare aspects of the working of the establishment. The Works or Workshop Committees created by employers were, in the great majority of cases, joint bodies including, in addition to the members appointed by the wage-earning employees, a number appointed by the management, usually from heads of departments, works officials, and so on. Most of the forms of industrial works organization created by employers before the war were, however, largely ineffective. The workers, especially where they were organized, were often suspicious of them, even where they had been created by employers of undoubtedly good intention, who saw in them an indispensable aid to the softening of the growing—and, in their eyes, quite unnecessary and mistaken—antagonism between employers and workers.
