ABSTRACT
Faced with school educational issues of risk society in terms of teacher preparation, United Nations Education Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) spoke out in support of standards of teacher preparation courses in universities including in their courses traditional indigenous knowledge. UNESCO addressed issues associated with "knowledge as a risk panacea", with a view to "foresight and disaster anticipation". Politicians and educational policy people have long recognised market-driven global economies wherein the drive for money and continuous innovation provides an inherently unstable context for school education and teacher education – an anarchy of risk. Encouraging risk-taking in learning begins with examples set by teachers, not only in classroom, but also in their multiple roles in wider community. Through their learning and developmental theories, during 1960s and 1970s, Jerome Bruner's and Jean Piaget's learning and pedagogical theories, assisted in popularising risk-taking as pedagogical strategy. Through encouraging students' risk-taking, school education also promotes entrepreneurialism, increasingly considered to be highly desirable by national governments.
