ABSTRACT
From his residence in Philadelphia on April 12, 1783, the unofficial Spanish representative to the United States, Francisco Rendon, wrote two letters. The first was addressed to the Captain General of Cuba, Luis de Unzaga, and the second was sent to the Minister of the Indies, Jose de Galvez. In these reports, Rendon informed his superiors that news of the articles of peace that would bring an end to the American Revolutionary War had reached the United States. The Spanish–American attack and occupation of the Bahamas emerged from Spain and the United States’ desires to secure their frontier regions from British incursions and military attacks. Historical scholarship on the cooperative efforts between American patriot forces and European colonial powers along the margins between the Caribbean and North America remain largely unexplored beyond naval and American loyalist histories.
