ABSTRACT
Machine learning (ML) is, in effect, a computer program or system that can learn specific tasks such as discrimination or classification without being explicitly programmed to do so. A number of important algorithms or methods are involved and statistical analogs for this process exist and, in reality, constitute a substantial part of ML because ML essentially emerged from the field of statistics. The Navy said the Perceptron would be the first non-living mechanism "capable of receiving, recognizing and identifying its surroundings without any human training or control." Data science has a substantial overlap with computer science that subsumes artificial intelligence (AI). AI includes ML and the learning types, supervised and unsupervised. ML and Statistics are closely related fields. According to Michael I. Jordan, the ideas of ML, from methodological principles to theoretical tools, have had a long prehistory in statistics.
