ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on some essential characteristics and definitions of memory mechanisms underlying the divisions in short- and long-term, implicit versus explicit memory, and memory operations involved in encoding and retrieval. It also focuses on the neural basis of memories, in particular on neurochemical mechanisms involved in consolidation. Hemispherical differences in information processing have often been associated with language, attention and emotion, but are also of importance for the code of the respective memories. While permanent memories are generally assumed to reside in neocortical structures, consolidation of new information recruits limbic circuits, connecting via subcortical-cortical pathways with regions in the neocortex. The long-term storage of ancient episodic memories in biographical memory often includes times, places, associated emotions and other contextual knowledge. False memories arise from the same processes as do true memories, and hence their study reveals basic mechanisms of memory.
