ABSTRACT
This chapter considers the conditions that prompted that change and involvement with industry as a prelude to considering the development of the universities themselves up to the First World War. University developments in England in the first half of the nineteenth century did little to bring that involvement closer. The time was evidently ripe for the universities and industry to come together in a closer involvement, or indeed to create that involvement for the first time in their long history. The closer involvement of the universities with these rising industries reflects a watershed in the sources of their technology. In the nineteenth century many industries arose in which the possession of raw materials was of less importance than the technology with which they were worked—cottons, chemicals, the engineering industries, and notably electrical engineering.
