ABSTRACT
Combinations of citizen’s income programmes and ‘work developmental’ strategies may well be important parts of a future European strategy for combatting and preventing social exclusion. A common feature in the regulation of labour markets in Europe is evidently the growing importance in all West European countries of labour market policies for greater flexibility of the labour force. The establishment in almost all West European countries, from the beginning of the eighties, of training programmes and job-creation schemes for poorly-qualified people is just one example of these policies of flexibility. With the exception of the Netherlands which has the highest rate of part-time employment in Western Europe, the countries of the corporate ‘Bismarckian’ model show moderate but growing rates of part-time employment. Non-standard employment is more gender biased than in other West European countries, with the UK as the only possible exception.
