ABSTRACT
Information and communication technology (ICT) by definition is an umbrella term that includes any communication device or application, encompassing radio, television, cellular phones, computer and network hardware and software, satellite systems, as well as the various services and applications associated with them. ICTs provide many opportunities such as making learning more interesting, especially for hard-to-understand issues; bridging distances; breaking literacy barriers in communication; and sharing research and useful information. Most of us are carrying some sort of mobile device with the expectation of continuous connectivity and availability. We have been exposed to a lot of fourth-generation (4G) advertising from wireless providers. 4G is is a successor to third-generation (3G) wireless technologies. The fifth generation (5G) technology will provide a wider spectral bandwidth per frequency channel. Communications satellites have been instrumental in providing the necessary last mile connectivity in order to extend the reach of ICT services to remote and isolated regions worldwide.
