ABSTRACT
Acute red eye is common and caused by a variety of conditions including trauma such as a foreign body, diseases of the conjunctiva, cornea, iris, ciliary body and choroid, aqueous humour and sclera. Clinicians should be able to diagnose most common eye diseases, which include allergic conjunctivitis, and viral conjunctivitis. Visual loss within the eyes is easy to detect, example corneal opacity, cataract or optic atrophy. Eye examination is an essential part of neonatal examination, including using an ophthalmoscope at a distance of 20–25 cm to look for the red reflex. Children with eye problems are often referred to an ophthalmologist, clinicians should be able to perform certain eye examinations. Eyelid disorders are exceedingly common in children and range from benign and self-resolving to serious malignant or metastatic processes. Eyelid elevation is primarily provided by levator palpebrae superioris muscle with its function to lift the upper eyelid by 5 mm or greater.
