ABSTRACT
Great Britain led the first industrial revolution with the invention of the commercial steam engine. The invention revolutionized communication and transportation and led to many other industrial developments, not just in Britain but around the world. In the second industrial revolution, the United States was primarily in the lead, with the telephone revolutionizing communication this time. Job losses are also likely to occur with the automation of large segments of operations in many industries. Although new opportunities may appear for high-skill categories, as argued by P. Drucker, the volume of these new jobs may not meet the supply of labor. In addition to automation, the rapid development and successes of artificial intelligence in business domains are changing the nature of the workplace. Industry 4.0 is highly connected with innovation, including mobile technology, the cloud, the social media, and big data.
