ABSTRACT

Evil actions are extreme culpable wrongs, including many actions committed by serial killers and war criminals. Evil persons are those who are strongly disposed to perform evil actions when they are able to do what they want to do and whom are beyond hope of reform. Some philosophers have claimed that some evil actions, including Nazi war crimes, are unforgivable, not in the sense that it is impossible to forgive them, but in the sense that they morally ought not be forgiven. The category of the morally unforgiveable must be divided into those things that are unforgivable as-things-stand and those that are unforgivable come-what-may. Many evil actions are forgivable after the perpetrators have repented and undergone moral reform, but it seems prohibitively dangerous to forgive unfixable evil persons. Whether this is the case depends on whether forgiveness implies treating the perpetrator differently. There are good reasons to think that a victim who has forgiven the perpetrator no longer behaviourally resists that perpetrator; forgiveness allows us to move on and make a fresh start. We should not make a fresh start with an unfixable evil person. Instead, we should keep resisting, and hence we should not forgive.