ABSTRACT
This chapter is a historical review of a variety of conceptual approaches that system developers have adduced to guide the design of human-machine systems. The goal of this chapter is to convince cognitive systems engineers, human factors engineers, and systems developers more broadly that macrocognitive work systems must not be designed around methods of task allocation and schemes based on levels of automation. An alternative approach is proposed that regards the human and the machine as operating in a number of different interdependence relations.
