ABSTRACT

This chapter describes science as a process made up of questions and answers. It divides the questions into two categories: empirical and theoretical, with empirical questions being the foundational questions where presuppositions, assumptions, underlying questions, answers and other problems are submerged. The way that such empirical questions and their answers are fitted together can be represented by a straightforward network model. The benefit of the network model is that it exposes clearly and graphically the logical links in a theory and shows the interplay and structural relationships between questions and answers. The chapter also describes the situation where progress in science is taken for granted, although the concept itself is problematical. The sceptical argument denies progress is possible, because there are no true statements in science. The network metaphor, according to Pierre Musso, arose from the Saint-Simon school and applies the human network metaphor to physical networks between people, objects and ideas.