ABSTRACT
The Nordic economies build largely on bio-economies. The potential to generate value from biomass that has traditionally been wasted offers an interesting value proposition in Nordic countries. But how do economic actors generate value from organic waste streams? Who are these actors, what do they do, why and with whom? The existing evidence on these basic issues is sparse and tends to be limited to specific (usually ‘success’) cases. The lack of more general (and generalisable) information serves furthermore to obscure important issues, such as the problems that both established and new actors face along the valorisation pathway. This in turn makes policymaking tricky. This chapter uses three empirical approaches to take stock of entities that are actively involved in extracting value from organic waste streams in Norway.
