ABSTRACT
This chapter presents an insight into hundreds of examples of naval diplomacy which took place in the 20-year period from 1991 to 2010. The column titled 'Cable Classification' is an attempt to categorize the examples according to the criteria which James Cable used in Gunboat Diplomacy. Historical legacy undoubtedly plays a part in determining the dynamics of many incidents. Activities which may be deemed to be aimed at an actual or potential adversary can also involve an element of reassurance or support to allies or domestic populations. It is striking that when analyzed in greater detail the 'negative' effect of deterrence is invariably paired with the more 'positive' effect of reassurance. Symbolism can take other forms and Iran's contribution to counter-piracy operations off the Horn of Africa in 2009 was an attempt by that country to present itself as a responsible member of the international community.
