ABSTRACT

The southern trade route passes through Pechili Province to Honanfu in Honan Province, thence west to Sigan in Shensi Province into Kansuh Province to Lanchow, its point of junction with the northern route. Niuchwang is the most northerly of the Chinese treaty ports. It is situated in the Province of Shengking, Manchuria, on the Liao River, about 13 miles from the mouth, which enters the Gulf of Liaotung, the northern arm of the Gulf of Pechili. The northern trade or camel route passes through Peking to Kalgan, where it divides. Principal among the obstacles to the expansion of American trade in northern China are the lack of regular and quick freight service from Atlantic ports to the Orient and the excessive rates over the transcontinental and Pacific route. The northern portion of the Empire receives the greatest share of American cottons, because of the climatic conditions which necessitate heavy goods in the clothing of the people.