ABSTRACT
The paper presents an analysis of current regulatory documents, which are considering rock formations to be a well reliable rock foundation and medium for structures of different purposes. It defines the necessity of treating rock foundations as a fissured-and-block medium. Negative transformation in composition, state and properties of rocks, that are regarded as a bearing layer for structures and constructions interacting with wastes of various composition, has been discovered. Experimental studies have revealed that under the action of acid and alkaline solutions a complete change of rock mineral composition is occurring together with increasing of crystallization pressure. It has been noted that chemical transformation of alumosilicates under the influence of acid or alkaline wastes may take course in different paths, leading to the increased jointing on macro- and microscale levels and decreased bearing capacity of the rock. Negative effect of changing redox conditions on rocks with a cement containing elements with variable valences has been detected. There are given the results of experimental research of weathered Lower Cambrian sandstones, which in anaerobic environment and the presence of growing microbial mass have been transforming into dispersed soils—clayey sands. It is mentioned that the gas component have to be considered not only by the value of aggressive carbon dioxide, but as well by the presence of hydrogen sulfide, being the main breaking factor of carbonate rocks and a range of structural materials (concrete and metal).
