ABSTRACT
This paper presents the results of the integration of analytical, empirical, and numerical methods in analyzing the support requirements needed to stabilize a hypothetical circular tunnel in a weak rock mass. The convergence-confinement method is used as the analytical method to determine the required support pressure to control tunnel displacement. Rock mass classification systems (RMR and Q) are used as the empirical method to evaluate the quality and strength of the rock masses and to obtain the recommended support systems. Finally, two-dimensional plane strain and axisymmetric models in the computer program FLAC are used as the numerical method to evaluate the ground behavior and the performance of the recommended support systems. Results show that after the suggested support system is installed, the extent of deformation and the thickness of the plastic radius around the tunnel decreases significantly. This result indicates that the integration of the analytical, empirical, and numerical methods in designing tunnel support is recommended for a reliable support design. Simplicity in the analytical and analytical methods may lead to the first estimate of ground behavior, while the numerical method can be used to verify the performance of the excavated ground and of the support system suggested by the empirical method.
