ABSTRACT
In spite of Edward's preoccupation in arranging and reforming the laws of his kingdom, he did not neglect the other obligations of his position. His first great undertaking outside the realm of law was the reduction of Wales, which had long been a thorn in the side of Englishmen. The fact that the principality of North Wales was only granted to Llewelyn for life seems to imply that Edward intended to bring all Wales ultimately under his direct rule. The fall of Llewelyn was the death-blow to Welsh independence. He had struck the imagination of the Welsh and had managed to secure a far more united following than their divisions seemed to promise. Edward showed himself merciful, and after restoring Carnarvon Castle and founding the new stronghold of Beaumaris, he left his subordinates to restore the country to complete peace. Thus ended the troubles of Edward I. in Wales.
