ABSTRACT
A human rights culture is driving more comprehensive and deeper human rights protection through the architecture of international law. National and international non-governmental organizations, advocacy groups and civil society have all contributed to the human rights culture behind this progressive human rights agenda. As early as 1907, with the establishment of the Central American Court of Justice, there have been permanent international courts with an individual complaints mechanism for violations of human rights. This chapter considers the professional profiles of judges, and particularly how judges with human rights expertise or inclinations sitting on courts with general jurisdiction has strengthened the human rights culture at these courts. International economic law has also been affected by the propagation of human rights. International courts and tribunals have used various tools to extend human rights protection. A human rights culture among international judges is cultivated and catalysed by the context in which these judges operate their backgrounds and ancillary professional activities.
