ABSTRACT
The copper in the copper sulfate solution breaks away and bonds with the electrons from the zinc reaction. The copper then deposits on the copper electrode. The copper sulfate electrolyte needs to be aqueous, meaning it’s mostly water, and that water doesn’t just sit idly by. When a voltage difference is created by the battery, it defines a voltage difference across the electrolyte as well and this can undo water molecules. Cells can be connected together in various forms and configurations to define batteries and modules. They can be prismatic cells in a rectangular hard case. The fact that each cell in a battery can be slightly different due to manufacturing variations, heating and cooling, and the rate and nature of degradation, makes their management and charging very complicated. Every cell will perform slightly differently, with different internal resistance and variations in self-discharge rate.
