ABSTRACT
The spectrum of driver assistance features spans from simple driver notifications to fully automated driving. The Society of Automotive Engineers begins with Level 0, defined as no automation with the driver in full control of the vehicle at all times, and progresses to Level 5 defined by full automation of all driving functions at all times. The driver is required to monitor the vehicle at all times and be prepared to take over control if conditions move out of the system’s capacity, due to maybe leaving the highway, faded lane markings, or inclement weather. Radar, or Radio Detection and Ranging, offers much improved range, speed and reliability over ultrasonic systems. Radar uses electromagnetic waves much as sonar uses sound waves to produce echolocation. A certain amount of vehicle localization can be produced with sensors that measure the basic movement of the car using internal devices, sometimes called self-sensing or proprioceptive sensing in robotics.
