ABSTRACT
On December 24, 2013, Queen Elizabeth II signed a pardon for Alan Turing's conviction for gross indecency. The posthumous pardon was justified by Turing's outstanding contributions to the war effort. Previously, on September 10, 2009, Prime Minister Gordon Brown had apologized, describing the treatment of Turing as "appalling". Justice can be unfair. History gives us second-mover advantages to re-evaluate its course. In his apology speech, Brown confirmed the suicide hypothesis and emphasized Turing's homosexuality and how it burdened the last years of his life. He talked about the "theatre of mankind's darkest hour" and Turing's commitment to fighting fascism. He did not mention Turing's outstanding theoretical work in mathematics and computer science, his pioneering contribution to artificial intelligence, and his interest in mathematical biology.
