ABSTRACT
This chapter offers a number of concepts that might provide the basis for making a national and international map of inclusion and exclusion. Inclusion and exclusion also presuppose ideas about participation. Each school, cultural group and society will embody different conceptions of participation and democracy, and the value to be placed on each. The chapter looks at the notion of effective schools as a way of charting the aims of special education, and at the replacement of integration with the notion of 'inclusive education'. The notion of 'effective schools' has been used to direct the task of special education to creating schools which minimise the difficulties of students. The school has strong community links. The library is shared with the local community, and some retired people use the canteen for a reasonably priced meal alongside students and staff at the school.
