ABSTRACT

The Culture of Nature in the History of Design confronts the dilemma caused by design’s pertinent yet precarious position in environmental discourse through interdisciplinary conversations about the design of nature and the nature of design. Demonstrating that the deep entanglements of design and nature have a deeper and broader history than contemporary discourse on sustainable design and ecological design might imply, this book presents case studies ranging from the eighteenth to the twenty-first century and from Singapore to Mexico. It gathers scholarship on a broad range of fields/practices, from urban planning, landscape architecture, and architecture, to engineering design, industrial design, furniture design and graphic design.

From adobe architecture to the atomic bomb, from the bonsai tree to Biosphere 2, from pesticides to photovoltaics, from rust to recycling – the culture of nature permeates the history of design. As an activity and a profession always operating in the borderlands between human and non-human environments, design has always been part of the environmental problem, whilst also being an indispensable part of the solution.

The book ventures into domains as diverse as design theory, research, pedagogy, politics, activism, organizations, exhibitions, and fiction and trade literature to explore how design is constantly making and unmaking the environment and, conversely, how the environment is both making and unmaking design. This book will be of great interest to a range of scholarly fields, from design education and design history to environmental policy and environmental history.

chapter |16 pages

Introduction

The culture of nature in the history of design

part 1|2 pages

Conceptual environments

chapter 2|13 pages

Pattern watchers I

Environmental seeing, c. 1970 1

chapter 3|14 pages

Computing environmental design 1

part 2|2 pages

Ecotopian landscapes

chapter 5|14 pages

A cityless and countryless world

The total appropriation of nature in Victorian utopias

chapter 6|14 pages

Clean and disciplined

The garden city in Singapore

chapter 8|13 pages

‘There’s a world going on underground’

Ecotopian realism in subterranean design

part 3|2 pages

Design in the garden

chapter 9|16 pages

Contested development

ICSID’s design aid and environmental policy in the 1970s

chapter 10|14 pages

Power in the landscape

Regenerating the Scottish Highlands after the Second World War

chapter 11|14 pages

Design for the garden

Questioning gardening as environmentalism

chapter 12|12 pages

Permanence and magic

Super-natural metaphors of stainless steel

part 4|2 pages

Design as ecology

chapter 13|17 pages

Forms of Human Environment (1970)

Italian design responds to the global crisis

chapter 15|16 pages

Throwaway houses

Garbage housing and the politics of ownership