ABSTRACT
Before the First World War, psychoanalytic training, as far as it existed, was usually carried out by way of instruction given at the scientific sessions of the few local groups that formed the International Psychoanalytical Association. After the war a growing need for a stricter form of training made itself felt. It led, among other things, to a report of the International Psychoanalytical Association (IPA) Central Executive, presented by Ernest Jones at the Berlin Congress in 1922, urging the branch societies "to demand of all candidates for membership a due standard of knowledge". The requirement of a training analysis, echoing an older Zurich suggestion, had met with general approval after it had been voiced at the Budapest Congress in 1918. The prevailing situation established national groups, whether in America, Great Britain, or France, had considerable license to take their own course in training matters.
