ABSTRACT
In the case of the famous splits in psychoanalysis in the years 1911-1913, associated with the names of Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler and Carl Jung, a new element entered. Adler's defection left Freud's psychoanalysis without a way to understand how human beings could have purpose, a gap that was not addressed until the 1930s. In the case of Freud and Jung, the fundamental disagreement was a re-enactment of the conflict between modern Western science and Western spirituality. In the language of the time, the split arose as a result of Adler's interest in the so-called ego instincts, that is to say, conscious willed behaviour, and Freud's exploration of unconscious conflicts. The can of blame for the split has been tossed back and forth between the rival parties for over fifty years, in the process obscuring the importance of understanding, without prejudice, the differences in human inner life that the different scientific styles of the two men led them to emphasize.
