ABSTRACT
During the course of the 1930s, while psychoanalysis and the psychoanalytic movement were making their mark in almost every country, there was a diaspora of Viennese, German, and Hungarian analysts—for the most part Jews who had to escape from the growing Nazi threat towards free countries. Many other analysts moved to North America, where they contributed in a decisive way to a conservative and orthodox development that was to come to be called ‘classic’ psychoanalysis and was to be typical of American psychoanalysis, especially in the 1940s and 1950s. In 1981, Leo Rangell, a known conservative, who has also been President of the International Psychoanalytic Association, published a work entitled ‘Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychotherapy—Similarities and Differences 25 Years Later’. Particular characteristics of setting with psychotic patients have been fully described by other analysts, such as Searles and, in Italy, Arrigoni, Balestri, Borghi, and Pandolfi in an exemplary paper read at the Milan Psychoanalytical Centre in 1986.
