ABSTRACT
This chapter considers a philosophy that presents an empirical foundation of the psyche that is not founded upon the brain, but includes it. "Soul" is an Anglo-Saxon term that originally referred to the controlling agency, governing centre, or vital principle, in man. Jung's psychology and psychological interpretations of the empirical and documentary evidence he collected was interpreted within a Kantian framework. Jung held that the psychologist could never get beyond the psyche to observe the psyche and that this fundamental fact must be acknowledged. Current scientific approaches are dominantly empirical. This term stands in need of clarification, it seems, for empiricism means different things to different people. Within an empiricist framework, since the failure of logical positivism, science has focused as much on the language used to create its system and describe its findings as upon empirical observations. Science is a system of reference.
