ABSTRACT
This chapter presents the logic behind the two-sphere view and shows how the three-sphere view appeared in times—more than a century after Sigmund Freud sketched it. At the end of the 1990s the endeavour of neuro-psychoanalysis emerged, which—as the name indicates—approaches psychoanalytic issues from the perspective of neuroscience. The philosophical mind-body problem always lurks behind a behavioural scientist, but taking an explicit stance towards it does not enable him or her to solve the scientific problems. The study of repressed desires and fears is essentially about behaviour that appears as goal-orientated. In order to make sense of when such behaviour should be seen as intrinsically intentional, intentionality is classified below as mechanical, biological, or mental. Recent psychoanalytic writings especially are rarely explicit on whether the expression "mental unconscious" possesses a particular meaning, or if it is just a Freudian turn of phrase. Constructivist and postmodern views of psychoanalysis also contain implications concerning the nature of the unconscious.
