ABSTRACT
J. R. Meloy contended that the root of stalking lies in narcissistic fantasy; that when rejected, the stalker feels humiliation or shame that is defended against with rage. K. K. Kienlen highlighted two factors in risk assessment of stalking behaviour: that attachment disturbance might predispose an individual to stalk, and that adult loss might precipitate it. C. Wilson and colleagues proposed stalking as a model of paranoid attachment in which perpetrators of domestic violence and sexual offenders are of high risk. It could be argued that there is a general tendency to over-focus on violent or sexual offending, as opposed to offending in general. J. M. W. Bradford, D. Bloomberg, and J. R. Boulet found that for sexual offences, only 17% of the younger offenders used violence, only 5% used extreme violence, and the number of older offenders who used violence was negligible.
