ABSTRACT
This chapter presents a series of papers that appeared in the International Journal of Psycho-Analysis (IJP) during the 1950s. It recognizes in the pages of IJP in the 1950s a turning of psychoanalytic attention from the exploration of the analysand's intra-psychic experience to mapping out equally relevant psychoanalytic concerns that exist outside the analysand's mind although in connection with it. The chapter includes in subsequent papers on counter-transference that carry forward the exploration of counter-transference in the direction of establishing its centrality within the psychoanalytic process. Zetzel carried forward a respectful conceptual exploration of similarities and differences between Kleinian and ego psychological perspectives on transference. The latter perspective supposes a therapeutic alliance, a term Zetzel attributes to E. Bibring, which is anchored in the ego psychological emphasis on attention to defences and anxiety in formulating interpretations. Psychoanalysts applied insights gained by exploring early life experiences to both theoretical and technical innovations, particularly to borderline states.
