ABSTRACT
Dissidence" within psychoanalysis thus implies an ideological or religious quality of psychoanalytic convictions, and implicitly raises questions about the scientific nature of psychoanalysis, the focus shifts to the development of methods for empirical examination of controversial issues. All of these dissidents had personal relations with Sigmund Freud, but at a certain point, when their contributions ran counter to Freud's convictions and the related boundaries of psychoanalytic formulations of the time. The impact of ideological cross-currents on the development of dissidence. The carrying out of psychoanalytic treatment within an institutional context led to institutional structures intended to protect candidates and training analysts from massive acting out of transference and counter-transference, but these structures in fact had some unfortunate effects. The chapter deals with Martin Bergmann that a personal disappointment either in the dissidents' psychoanalysis or in the relationship with Freud played an important role.
