ABSTRACT
This chapter shows that how biology and psychodynamics must be both distinguished and properly related, instead of mixed and confused. Psychoanalysis began with a defective realization of the importance of the concept “Person,” owing to the cultural era of its origin. Heinz Hartmann extended ego-theory as a general psychology, showing that not all ego-processes are developed out of conflict with id-drives, but grow autonomously with reference not to the id but to the outer world. Psychoanalysis has to understand the person, the unique individual as he lives and grows in complex meaningful relationships with other persons who are at the same time growing in their relationships with him. This mutual living arises out of biological conditions and goes on in sociological conditions, but it achieves a spiritual independence of both on the level of its own special significance, that of the person-ego in personal relationships.
