ABSTRACT
This chapter examines the meanings of culture, race, and racism, and to emphasize how multi-faceted they are. “Horizontal socialization” is used to describe the impact from peers; in some cultures, the impact may be greater from the same sex children, because in those cultures there is more segregation of their daily play or helping with chores. “Enculturation” is the name given to the process of socialization through one’s own culture. There may be specific didactic learning or learning by imitation, but there are clear expectations of learning the language and rituals, among many others. Culture includes observable behaviours, such as appearance and clothing. Culture may also be described as simply what is meaningful to a group. “Enculturation” is the name given to the process of socialization through one’s own culture. In more southern European cultures, children are accompanied by their parents on more family-centred outings where children follow the family friendships and relations more than individual peers.
