ABSTRACT

The structural organization of the brain, it is possible to obtain a better understanding of some of the stages in the evolutionary process that give rise to the main structures. As the brain comprises numerous structures that cooperate closely with one another, a brief description of these structures will be given in order to highlight the types of problems that neurophysiology has had to face in the more than one hundred years since the pioneering work of Freud. This intuitively simple architecture, which is common to all animal brains, does not of course explain the sudden appearance in the human cortex of linguistic specialization in the areas identified by Broca and Wernicke, although it does justify certain functional properties. While the cortical network is extensive and well differentiated, the second network, at the base of the brainstem, is undifferentiated, but it activates the first.