ABSTRACT
Paradigmatic interventions, by modeling aspects of the patient's implicit assumptions, may help the subject get outside himself and the narrow world he is addicted to. A more general principle that paradigmatic therapy makes its own particular use of involves the art of shifting "sets" or frames of reference. A frame of reference is a system of relations that forms a context for understanding and interpreting reality. The therapeutic framework may also be described as a complex frame of reference which potentially shapes and is shaped by structures of experience. M. C. Nelson makes a case for the use of tricks in working through resistances. Nelson's concern with multiple realities is supported and extended in the work of W. R. Bion. A crucial outcome of apprenticeship is growth in the ability to assimilate and use id powers, the nagual.
