ABSTRACT
The declining trend of male fertility parameters from global perspectives and the ambiguity of its diagnosis make it inevitable to find potent management and prevention strategies. Improper lifestyle factors are gradually deviating overall human systems from normal homeostasis and leading to numerous pathological conditions. The male reproductive system is vulnerable to adverse effects of unhealthy lifestyle and environmental factors because of its superficial anatomical location, intricate structure, high sensitivity to various physical conditions (like temperature and pressure), and being immunologically privileged sites. Several poor habits and morbid lifestyle factors either impose direct adverse effects on male reproductive tissues or indirectly disrupt male reproductive functions by affecting the endocrine regulatory axes. This chapter discusses (a) the lifestyle factors that are potentially deteriorating male fertility parameters; (b) the mechanisms by which they affect male reproductive functions; and (c) the modifiable lifestyle measures to ameliorate male fecundity.
