ABSTRACT
The issue between White mission and independent Bantu Church was settled before the Second World War. It was in the period 1913–1939 that the tensions between Western missionary and African pastor in a number of dramatic cases led to separation from the missions and the founding of Ethiopian and Zionist organizations. The Western missions were no longer concerned to repair the broken bridges over to the Separatists. During the period 1913–1945 the prophet's theme was protest: against the Natives' Land Act of 1913; against the domination of the missions; against the cultural patterns of the Whites in education and preservation of life. Some of the greatest leaders of Zionist and Messianic groups established themselves as successful business men. The signs of accommodation are seen in the changes in Zionist attitudes to the hospital and to medicine. In Zululand and Swaziland they were, relatively speaking, bridging the difficult transition period from traditional religion to new structures and a new ideology.
