ABSTRACT
This chapter presents the main ideas in anarchism concerning scientific understanding, Darwinism, human nature, freedom, pedagogy and education, and pacifism. Anarchism is a world concept embracing the whole of nature including society, economy, politics and ethics. The anarchist conception of society consists of two different but closely connected processes: firstly, the criticism of hierarchical organizations and the authoritarian conceptions of society, and secondly, the constructive analysis of the predispositions that are seen in the reformist activities of mankind, both in the past and still more so in the present. The idea of continuous development and evolutionary adaptation to changing environmental conditions was applied to the study of nature as a whole, including the development of human beings and society. Peter Kropotkin designed cooperative anarchism in the 1870s as an attempt to contribute to the greatest possible happiness for all based on freedom, equality and brotherhood within society.
