ABSTRACT
Separatism and terrorism share a history of intricate connections. As separatists challenge the legitimacy of the state they are a part of, immediately they confront an opponent that is stronger and holds the monopoly over the use of force. This chapter examines the evolution of the separatist movement in Kosovo. It traces the emergence of violence and militant attacks carried out by the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA). The chapter analyzes the issue of legitimization of the KLA and the impact of such legitimization on the KLA’s post-conflict transformations. The signs for the explosive potential of the Kosovo conflict were present back in 1989. The KLA emerged from the conflict victorious. Domestically, the KLA was celebrated as a heroic armed force. The KLA’s case stands unique because of the unprecedented level of international support. Similar to other ethno-nationalist separatist groups, the KLA emerged in response to the lack of progress achieved by peaceful resistance.
