ABSTRACT

Nanotoxicology, as a subfield of nanosciences, emphasizes detecting all the harmful consequences linked to nanoparticles (NP), along with the physical and chemical properties responsible for their toxicity, their interaction with biological systems, and the concentrations above which they threaten public health and the environment. Concerning the respiratory system, the deposition of inhaled NPs in lungs is the major topic of research in nanotoxicity. NPs could enter into the gastrointestinal tissues through oral exposure or nasal inhalation. Biological clearance is the physical mechanism in charge of NP expulsion from the human body. Understanding the nanoclearance mechanism is one of the key factors for combining NPs’ high efficiency with minimized toxicity. Health risk assessment though remains a challenging field due to the difficulty in measuring engineered NP concentration in the atmosphere. Obviously, an NP material in terms of its chemical nature is a significant characteristic affecting each NP’s toxicity.