ABSTRACT
This chapter considers theories that admit properties and relations, but admit them as particulars. It is possible to admit such properties and relations, yet allow them in turn to instantiate universal properties and relations. In modern times Trope theories have generally been developed as bundle theories. A bundle-of-tropes view of particulars has a great advantage over a bundle-of-universals account. David Lewis has suggested that the Trope theorist who is also a Bundle theorist should offer as his junior substances simple properties, which exist at a point and for an instant only. The chapter is concerned with the Problem of Universals. A Trope theory can thus exhibit resemblance among types as an resemblance between tropes rather than inexact resemblance between universals. The possibility that first-order properties and relations might themselves have properties seems an additional point in favor of a Substance-Attribute theory.
